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Involuntary Child Custody Proceedings under the Indian Child Welfare Act

When an agency of a state believes that it is the best interests of a child, who could be of Native American descent, to take involuntary custody of the child from his or her parents, the procedures set forth in the Indian Child Welfare Act must be followed. The Act requires notice, a right to intervene in the proceedings by the child's tribe and Indian custodian, appointment of counsel for an indigent parent or Indian custodian, access to court records, and jurisdictional and trial considerations.

Criminal Penalties for Failure to Pay Child Support

The Child Support Recovery Act, as amended by the Deadbeat Parents Punishment Act, makes it a federal crime to flee a state in order to avoid paying a child support arrearage. States use criminal contempt to punish parents who fail to pay child support upon a finding of an intentional failure to comply with a court order of support.

Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act

Too often, a parent, who did not like a child custody or visitation ruling in one state, would take the child to another state. In the new state, the parent could seek a new custody order or simply avoid the reach of the other parent's attempts to have the custody order of the first state enforced in the second state. To combat these problems the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act was drafted. In 1997, the National Conference of Commissioners on Uniform State Laws drafted the Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction and Enforcement Act (UCCJEA) to address issues that arose from the application of Uniform Child Custody Jurisdiction Act. The UCCJEA provides interstate enforcement procedures for child custody and visitation orders.

Types of Discovery Applicable in Child Custody Proceedings

Discovery is the process during the course of a legal action by which the parties to a lawsuit obtain information about the situation underlying the litigation and the factual and legal underpinnings of the other party's case. Rules of civil procedure in the courts of various jurisdictions regulate the discovery process in civil cases. Discovery procedures can be made use of in child custody proceedings arising out of a divorce between parties with a minor child or children as well as in other types of legal actions.

Tortious Interference with Child Custody

Where a person interferes with another person's custody of a child or right to access, the interfering person may be subject to a claim of tortious interference with custody and can be held financially liable. This may occur where one parent takes the child and refuses to divulge the child's whereabouts. However, tortious interference may not be limited to cases where a child is concealed.